2 Tips for Writing the SAT Essay

Tip #1: More is Better than Less

The SAT essay graders are just like the girl in the commercial: they want more, they want more. You get two pages, and you have to fill as much of those two pages as you can in 25 minutes. To accomplish that without sounding repetitive and disorganized takes knowing a few simple tips and a little practice.

Tip #2: Prepare Good Examples Ahead of Time

What’s better, the Gettysburg Address or the speech you wrote when you ran for class treasurer? There’s a reason Spielberg made a movie about Abraham Lincoln and not about you. It’s not complicated.

And neither is the SAT essay. Most students use a personal experience (such as their experience giving a speech) to support their position. Using a personal experience as an example should actually be your last resort because in general it’s the least impressive type of example.

The first step to writing a great essay in 25 minutes is to come up with examples beforehand. Your examples are like tools in a tool chest. Just like you wouldn’t go to a repair job without a set of tools, you shouldn’t go to write an essay without a set of examples. By the way, not knowing the prompt ahead of time isn’t a problem because the topics on the SAT are broad.

So what are good examples? The directions say, “Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.” In other words, you can use essentially anything. But for breadth and sophistication, I recommend preparing two examples from history, literature and current events, and if you’re knowledgeable about an elective, art for example, you can throw that in as well. Pick examples you find interesting or already know a lot about. Memorize some important names and dates associated with each example so you can include specifics in your essay and sound erudite.

A word of caution: You might be tempted to change your examples on the fly after you see a prompt because you thought of the perfect example for the prompt. Don’t do it. Stick to your pre-prepared examples. If you try to use an example you haven’t prepared, you’ll find that you will quickly run out of things to say.

Phil

Why Your Essay Needs Beach Balls

McDonald's Beach Balls

Last week, I watched this commercial on mute. So what? You don't need a critical eye to see that there are two things going on here.

Thing #1: Images

First, there is the image of the beach balls. In a train station somehow occupied only by attractive youths, boredom reigns until someone sips a McDonald's sugar drink, causing beach balls to drop from the ceiling, like confetti over a convention. In describing its drink, McDonald's didn't just settle for an adjective like fun. Instead, it converted that adjective into an image: beach balls. You can use the same technique. If you have an adjective in mind, ask yourself what image from your experience might communicate that adjective.

Thing #2: Comparisons

Second, there is the comparison: drinking a McDonald's sugar drink is as relaxing as playing with beach balls. Once in a while, we do stumble across a great adjective. But let's not stop there. Let's expand that adjective into a comparison. McDonald's sugar drinks are not just refreshing; they are as refreshing as playing with beach balls. "As," "like," and "than" can unlock your comparisons.

Tying it Together

Images = beach balls Comparisons = beach balls Images + comparisons = better writing. Therefore: beach balls = better writing. You know it. Don't forget the beach balls!

Good luck writing!

Jon

Jon Perkins holds a B.A. in English from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. He helps students with their college, law school, and medical school applications.

3 Ways to Find an Essay Topic

Panic! OK, now stop.

It's almost October, which means you might be getting bogged down trying to start your essays. To help jump start your writing, I'm sharing 3 exercises I use to help my students figure out what to write. All these exercises aim to help you answer that annoying but essential question: "Who am I?"

Exercise #1: Personality Inventory.

  1. Download and take the personality inventory (http://digitalcitizen.ca/2011/02/20/free-personality-assessment/).
  2. Identify your 4-letter personality type.
  3. Download additional info about your personality type (http://digitalcitizen.ca/personality-assessment/).
  4. Find 3 sentences from the description that resonate with you.
  5. For each sentence, identify a specific moment in high school where you lived up to the description

Exercise #2: Values.

  1. Print out the list of values (http://www.stevepavlina.com/articles/list-of-values.htm).
  2. Take 10 minutes to identify the 10 values that matter most to you.
  3. Take 2 minutes to narrow the list to 3 values.
  4. For each of these 3 values, identify a specific moment in high school where you upheld that value.

Exercise #3: Quick Takes.

  1. What’s your strongest trait?
  2. What’s your proudest high school moment?
  3. What do you do better than most people?
  4. How would you describe the world you come from - people, place, or ideas?
  5. What’s your biggest high school failure?
  6. When do you feel most alive?
  7. What’s the greatest compliment someone could pay you?
  8. What’s the worst criticism someone could make of you?
  9. When have you regretted not asking for help?
  10. What’s one thing you would do differently in high school if you had the chance?
  11. What’s one rule you always live by?
  12. What’s your ideal day?
  13. What do you want to be known for?
  14. I grew up when...
  15. What 5 websites, apps, and/or video games do you enjoy most?

Final Thoughts on Pre-Writing

None of these exercises is original; I've cobbled them all together over time from other sources. But all of these exercises are structured. And when you're totally lost about how to start, structure is good!

Good luck writing!

Jon

Jon Perkins holds a B.A. in English from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. He helps students with their college, law school, and medical school applications.

5 Essay Tips from Sports Talk Radio

Why sports talk radio?

I live in L.A., so I live in my car. On the 110, the 91, and sometimes the 405. Driving in silence sedates me. NPR makes me feel smugly informed, but beyond that, I'm not sure. And I can only sing car karaoke for so long. That leaves me with sports talk radio. Until yesterday, I didn't think sports talk radio had any value other than killing time as I watch cars vie for position. (From what I can tell, the goal is either to gain that one-car length advantage by cutting someone else off or rage at the person who increased your commute time by 5 seconds by cutting you off.) But actually, sports talk radio has a few lessons for anyone trying to write application essays. Here are my favorites:

Lesson #1: Say it in 10 seconds.

One segment I liked from Max and Marcellus is when they give the caller 10 seconds to make his point. Many responses start with a stumble of "Uh, yeah, so I wanted to talk about..." Others meander off into convoluted sentences, never to make their way to the realm of clarity. But occasionally, I'll hear a concise insight that has me nodding in appreciation, like "The best deal the Lakers made was the player they didn't trade: Pau Gasol." Or something like that.

Can you say your essay in 10 seconds? If you can't tell me in 10 seconds what your main point is, guess what? You probably don't have one. Figure it out. You'll need to have an answer in mind for interviews, too, so this question isn't going away.

Lesson #2: Don't say, "Hi, how are you?"

Max hates this, and so do I. The listener doesn't want to hear dozens of callers say the same thing. It's monotonous. Stop wasting time on pleasantries, and get to your comment!

When you open your essay, forget about all the build-up, all the background information of how whatever important moment came about. You just don't have space for that. Get right to the important moment right away, and start your essay there.

Lesson #3: Have a take.

I don't enjoy Jim Rome's self-congratulatory recaps at the end of interviews, but at least he holds his callers to high standards. He's always reminding callers to "have a take." That is, don't just say the same old thing about the same old topic, like how Kobe shoots too much (or how he doesn't shoot too much). Say something we might not know, like why Kelly Slater's a great surfer.

When you're thinking about your topic, ask, "What would most students write about this topic?" The answers that immediately come to mind are probably (not always, but probably) a good clue about what not to write. If it's occurred to you in 2 seconds, it's probably occurred to hundreds of other students in 2 seconds, too. If you want your essay to set you apart, then you want to find an aspect of your topic that's not 2 seconds obvious. That's what it means to have a take.

Lesson #4: Be passionate.

If you've ever listened to Petros and Money, you know Petros (yes, a Peninsula High School graduate) gets fired up about everything, whether it's his USC Trojans, a film fight, or a sleep sheep. This type of enthusiasm evokes two different responses from me. First I feel scorn because someone cares so much about something trivial, and because I'm a jerk. Then scorn yields to respect. Someone who goes all out for something he thinks is important is usually someone I can admire.

When you're writing your essay, convey your passion, like Petros. One of my sisters was making fun of my excitement about writing my essay ebook. She said I should call it a manifesto. I declined (too communist), but the flavor of the word manifesto is exactly right. A manifesto holds ideas worth writing down, arguing over, and fighting for. I'm not sure what the opposite of a manifesto is, but I'm pretty sure we wouldn't react the same way if Marx had entitled his work "The Communist Manual" or "The Communist Syllabus." If your essay doesn't touch on a part of your own personal manifesto, or whatever you call it, then you're wasting your chance.

Lesson #5: Have a consistent message.

ESPN is a message machine. ESPN radio hosts mention articles from the ESPN website, and they interview ESPN TV personalities. I don't know the official lingo for this approach, but ESPN uses each platform (radio, internet, TV) to promote the others, and, more importantly, to promote the ESPN brand.

You should think of each aspect of your application (academic info, activities list, essays, etc.) as a separate platform. Taken together, these platforms should reinforce your message, your description of who you are. Your academic info, like SAT Subject scores might reveal what you enjoy, and you can echo that in your choice of majors and in an intellectual vitality essay. What accomplishments and details you choose to include in your activities list reveal your priorities. And, of course, when all that's done, you should be asking, "What important things haven't I said yet?" Your answer to that question is a great clue about where to go with your essays.

Final Thoughts

Well, if nothing else, I've come up with an after-the-fact justification for listening to sports talk radio. I hope these comments have given you some insight into how to handle your essays. If you're looking for more essay guidance, take the next step:

Good luck writing!

Jon

Jon Perkins holds a B.A. in English from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. He helps students with their college, law school, and medical school applications.

Student Question #13: How do I start my essay?

Student Question

I want to write about my belief that everyone should be like a child, and I want to show how I implement that belief in my life. I want the beginning to be interesting. How do I do that?

My Response

Let's start with what not to do. You don't want to come out and open with, "I believe everyone should be like a child." Why not? There's no suspense. Now I know that the rest of the essay is just going to explain why you think this. Boring.

Remember, letting someone get to know you through an essay differs from someone getting to know you through a conversation. If you were sitting down to talk to me, then saying "I believe everyone should be like a child" would be great. I'd ask you for details, and you'd tell me more about your philosophy, and we'd be fine. In conversation, we rely on general statements because they're more efficient. I might ask you what type of person your sister is, and you'll tell me she's funny but careless. Perfect - I get what you're saying.

But the essay is different. We're no longer conveying information through a dialog. Instead, we're conveying information through a monologue. Because the reader doesn't have the chance to interrupt to redirect the conversation to points that interest her, the writer has the burden of keeping the reader entertained. To lure the reader in, we have to make the reader wonder what will happen next. We all know the idea of the cliffhanger ending, the one that leaves us in suspense. But we need cliffhanger openings, too. That first sentence has to give the reader some kind of puzzle, however small, to solve. That often means thrusting the reader into the middle of a scene.

So to write a cliffhanger opening, you can't use a general statement ("I believe X."). Instead, you have to choose a particular moment in your life to narrate. It could be a moment that led to the development of your philosophy, or it could be a moment when you tried to implement your philosophy. You're going to write details that let the reader experience everything you saw, heard, touched, smelled, and tasted in that moment. When you describe a particular moment with sensory information, you bring the reader into a scene instead of just talking at her.

After you've finished describing the details of your moment, then you can summarize what they mean. But the point is you do details first, then summary. If you do summary first ("I am childlike."), then details, your essay will be clear (like an English essay - thesis, then evidence), but also boring.

OK. So you're going to open with details of a particular moment in your life, not a general statement about what you believe or who you are. What next? That opening sentence must have an air of mystery. It should withhold certain details to make the reader wonder what will happen next.

"I had to get back." Get back where? And why? "I had to find out what she was doing here again." Who is she? Why is she there? Why does the narrator care she's there?

These are two examples I just made up. (More examples in my ebook.) You can see that concealing details doesn't require an amazing sentence. The technique of using vague words (back, she, here) to create mystery is simple. Of course, yes, you should try to do something more snazzy for your actual essay.

As you write, think of your reader as a passenger with a short attention span. If you drive that reader down a straight road, he'll get bored because he'll see exactly where you're taking him. That's like sitting through one of those awful Powerpoint presentations where the speaker just reads from the slides. But if you drive that reader around a bend, he'll start wondering where you're going. He'll start to look for clues. That's the reader you want - engaged.

To summarize, you can make your opening interesting by doing two things. First, figure out your cliffhanger opening by describing a specific moment with sensory information (not by making a general statement). Second, use vague words and phrases to create a mystery for the reader to unravel. That's it!

Good luck writing!

Jon

Jon Perkins holds a B.A. in English from Stanford University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. He helps students with their college, law school, and medical school applications.